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Wouldn't it be easier or better
to straighten the stream and rip-rap the stream banks than leave it
in its meandering form?
No, this is one of the major sources
of our present flooding problems.
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Channelizaton of streams has helped to
produce the flashy runoff and flooding problems that face many parts of
the country. It is estimated that nearly one half of the original stream
miles in Iowa have been lost because of channelization. When a stream
is channelized it is significantly shortened, which reduces channel storage
capacity and increases velocity. When high flow events do occur water
is accelerated because it moves through a straight channel and no longer
is slowed by hitting meandering banks. Higher velocities also mean higher
erosive potential which tends to downcut the channel. This reduces the
ability of the channel to use its floodplain to slow the flow of water.
Because the channel has been shortened, the same amount of water now flows
in a shorter reach without access to its floodplain, resulting in high
velocity water being delivered rapidly downstream producing potentially
severe floods.
Using rip-rap on banks hardens the banks and often makes them smoother
than when plant stems and roots provided a frictional surface. Unless
properly applied rip-rap also may be undermined and collapse into the
channel as often happens when broken portions of road construction debris
are dumped along a bank. Rip-rap is significantly more expensive than
bioengineering and is also aesthetically less pleasing. A combination
of bioengineering using living woody plants and grasses along with properly
applied hard-engineering, such as rip-rap is often the best solution to
bank stabilization. |